How Dogs Use Eye Contact to Communicate

They say the eyes are the window to the soul—and for dogs, that’s absolutely true. Dogs use eye contact not only to connect with humans but also to communicate subtle messages to other dogs and animals. Whether they’re locking eyes with you for attention, avoiding your gaze to show deference, or narrowing their eyes in suspicion, those looks say more than we often realize.

In this blog, we’ll explore the many ways dogs use their eyes to express emotion and intent—and how you can become fluent in these silent conversations.

The Power of Eye Contact in Dog-Human Bonds

Dogs are among the few non-human animals who use eye contact in a socially meaningful way with people. Studies have shown that when dogs make soft, prolonged eye contact with their humans, both species release oxytocin—the “bonding hormone.” This mutual gaze strengthens emotional connections.

Positive Eye Contact Means:

• Affection

• Attention-seeking

• Trust

• Curiosity

Dogs will often look at their owners during moments of uncertainty or to check in, just like a child might glance at a parent for reassurance.

Different Types of Canine Eye Contact (and What They Mean)

1. Soft, Relaxed Eye Contact

What it looks like: Blinking slowly, loose facial muscles, neutral body posture
What it means: Calm, trusting, relaxed

This is the kind of eye contact you want to see from a dog that’s feeling safe and at ease. It’s often shared between dogs and people during petting, cuddling, or peaceful moments.

2. Hard Stare

What it looks like: Wide-open, intense, unblinking eyes; stiff body posture
What it means: Challenge, dominance, or potential aggression

This is the opposite of soft eye contact. A hard stare often precedes a growl or snap. In dog-to-dog interactions, it’s a major warning sign. In human interactions, it can signal discomfort or stress, especially if the dog feels cornered.

Tip: Avoid staring contests with unfamiliar dogs—they may interpret it as threatening.

3. Whale Eye

What it looks like: Whites of the eyes visible, usually from the sides
What it means: Fear, anxiety, unease

This is one of the most commonly missed stress signals. Dogs showing the whites of their eyes (whale eye) may be uncomfortable, especially if being touched or crowded. You might see this during vet visits, nail trims, or interactions with young children.

4. Averted Gaze

What it looks like: Looking away, turning the head, avoiding eye contact
What it means: Submission, appeasement, or disinterest

Dogs will often look away to diffuse tension. It’s a calming signal that says, “I don’t want trouble.” A puppy might avert its gaze when being corrected by an adult dog. A timid dog might avoid eye contact with strangers.

5. Side Glances

What it looks like: Head stays still, eyes glance sideways
What it means: Caution, suspicion, assessment

This is a subtle cue. A dog might glance sideways at something unfamiliar or evaluate a situation quietly. Pair this look with other body language to interpret it correctly.

How Dogs Read Human Eye Contact

Dogs are incredibly attuned to our eyes. They learn to follow our gaze, read our emotional states, and interpret our intent—all through the eyes.

• Direct eye contact with a smile = friendly

• Glaring or staring = perceived threat

• Looking away quickly = disinterest or calm

Training tip: Use brief, soft eye contact when giving cues or praise to build trust. Reward your dog for checking in visually during walks or training—it reinforces connection and communication.

Breed and Personality Differences

Some breeds are naturally more expressive with their eyes (like Huskies or Border Collies), while others may be more stoic or subtle. Similarly, shy dogs may avoid eye contact altogether, especially if they’ve had negative past experiences.

What matters most: Learn your dog’s individual patterns. What does “happy eyes” look like for your dog?

When Eye Contact Can Be Misunderstood

Not all eye contact is welcome. Here are a few situations where reading the eyes accurately is important:

• Shelter dogs or rescues: May not tolerate prolonged eye contact until trust is built.

• Resource guarding: A dog may “freeze” with wide eyes if guarding food or toys—respect this warning.

• Children and dogs: Kids should be taught not to stare into a dog’s eyes up close, especially unfamiliar ones.

Conclusion

Your dog’s eyes are one of their most expressive tools. By tuning in to the subtle changes in gaze, eye shape, and direction, you can better understand how your dog feels in any given moment. Whether they’re giving you the loving “puppy eyes” or nervously glancing away, their message is always worth noticing.